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30 Types of Art Styles and Movements

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n this next section, we will cover several, but not all, visual art genres, styles, and movements.

 

Abstract Art

Georges Braque, Glass on a Table, 1909-10
Glass on a Table 1909-10 Georges Braque 1882-1963 Bequeathed by Sir Antony Hornby through the Friends of the Tate Gallery 1988 http://www.tate.org.uk/art/work/T05028

Famous Artists: Jackson Pollock, Piet Mondrian, Helen Frankenthaler

Iconic Artworks: Composition II in Red, Blue, and Yellow, Black Square, Composition 8

Rather than painting a scene that one can recognize, abstract artists use shape, color, and form to convey their message. Abstract art often makes one question, “What is Art” something as simple as a small black square on canvas. In that context, any abstract piece can be a masterpiece so long as it makes the audience consider its meaning.

It is relatively new in the art world, reaching its peak popularity in the 1950s after centuries of traditional portraits and other art forms. Abstract art has been practiced in many ways but often appears as paintings.

African Art

Famous Artists: Wangechi Mutu, Thandiew Muriu, Julie Mehretu

Iconic Artworks: La Lutte, portrait de family, Strips of Earth’s Skin, The hope in the charcoal cloud

African art is simply any art that originates from the continent of Africa. That includes everything from historical pieces to modern ones. 

With this broad scope, the visual art type can extend to clay sculptures, paintings, and photography. Many pieces survive, with perhaps the most enduringly significant being the Benin Bronzes. 

Art Deco Art and Architecture

Atlas. (1925) Lee Lawrie. Rockefeller Center, New York City
Atlas. (1925) Lee Lawrie. Rockefeller Center, New York City

Famous Artists: Tamara de Lempicka, Erte, René Lalique

Iconic Artworks: Spirit of the Wind, Young Lady With Gloves, the Empire State Building

Art Deco, or just Deco, is a style of art and decoration that boomed in the 1920s and 1030s. It saw use in art, buildings, and decoration. Deco elements could even be seen in everyday objects during its peak, like cars, furniture, and radios. 

A look of luxury and elegance defined art deco. Today, it is remembered for pieces that featured clean lines and decadent materials such as gold trim and ivory.

Art Nouveau

Porte Dauphine Metro Station Entrance, Hector Guimard, 1900–01
Porte Dauphine Metro Station Entrance, Hector Guimard, 1900–01

Famous Artists: Alphonse Mucha, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Gerda Wegener

Iconic Artworks: The Kiss, Daydream, Princess Hyacinth

Art Nouveau swept the globe and peaked in popularity around 1890 to 1910. It was used as art pieces and in decoration. 

The style was known for its curving lines that gave a sense of movement, and it often called on nature for inspiration, as many pieces used floral or plant-like lines. It is also noted for using materials that were considered modern for the time, such as metals and ceramics.

Avant-Garde Art

The Painter's Studio: A real allegory summing up seven years of my artistic and moral life
The Painter’s Studio: A real allegory summing up seven years of my artistic and moral life, Gustave Courbet, 1855
 
 

Famous Artists: Kazimir Malevich, Aleksandra Ekster, Diamonda Galas

Iconic Artworks: The Love of Zero, The Painter’s Studio, Black Square

Avant-Garde is a movement of twisting the norms of traditional art. It seeks to shift a piece away from the accepted standards of what the visual arts are. 

One example is The Painter’s Studio, a painting of a studio where a painting is being painted. Avant-garde art started in the 1850s, with the movement persisting into modern times.

Baroque Art and Architecture

Calling of St. Mathew. (1599-1600) Caravaggio. Contarelli Chapel, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome. Accueil - Saint Louis des Français (saintlouis-rome.net)
Calling of St. Mathew. (1599-1600) Caravaggio. Contarelli Chapel, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome.
 

Famous Artists: Rembrandt, Peter Paul Rubens, Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Iconic Artworks: Medusa, Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, St. Peter’s Basilica

Baroque is a style of Western art and architecture that was popular around the 17th Century, and likely originated in Italy. The Catholic Church partly created it to restore and bolster the public’s faith thanks to its moving imagery. Baroque is said to convey emotion through a sense of drama. 

Often, baroque art shows a lot of movement and rich detail. It covered many art types, such as painting, sculpture, architecture, and music.

Bauhaus Architecture and Art

Famous Artists: Walter Gropius, Joost Schmidt, Erich Dieckmann

Iconic Artworks: Mechanical Stage Design, Senecio, The Cabinet

The Bauhaus movement was an architectural style and art movement started in 1919 by Walter Gropius in Weimar, Germany. Gropius opened a school of art that brought the visual arts (painting, sculpture, etc.) under one roof so that his students could learn all forms of art in a comprehensive program. 

Gropius’ school created art movements that favored geographic shapes and minimalist design. Bauhaus also included film, which was known for sharp geometric sets. It was forced to close in 1933 due to the policies of the Nazi government.

Chinese Art

Famous Artists: Shen Zhou, Bada Shanren, Qi Baishi

Iconic Artworks: Eagle Standing on Pine Tree, A Solitary Temple Amid Clearing Peaks, Court Ladies In The Shu Palace

Chinese art can originate in historic and modern China, from prehistory sculptures to modern masterpieces. Many (but not all) pieces highlight the country’s rich history and culture. Ink paintings on paper scrolls are a common form of Chinese art. 

These paintings have depicted anything from landscapes and wildlife to court life. Sculptures are also quite common, a notable example being the Terracotta Army. Chinese visual arts can include ceramics, furniture, and architecture.

Classic Art (Classicism)

Famous Artists: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Bernini, Jacques-Louis David

Iconic Artworks: Jupiter and Thetis, The Seven Sacraments, Oath of the Horatii

Classical art typically references works made during the classical period of the Ancient Roman and Greek empires. These visual arts are an important part of art history as works that have survived give an idea of what it was like to live at that time.

 

Classical art is most often seen in paintings, ceramics, sculptures, and architecture. Its legacy is enduring as it led to many set forms used in art today, like the golden ratio. In the art world, the classic art form is considered by many to be the peak of tradition and skill.

Conceptual Art

Famous Artists: Sol LeWitt, Robert Rauschenberg, Joseph Beuys

Iconic Artworks: Erased de Kooning Drawing, Grapefruit, Two Correlated Rotations

Conceptual art is a piece where the idea behind the work is more important than the finished art itself. It’s an art movement that appeared around the 1960s and was popular into the 1970s. 

 

As long as it follows the movement, it can be written word, a painting, a sculpture, or even performance art.

Contemporary Art

Famous Artists: Cindy Sherman, Damien Hirst, Christopher Wool

Iconic Artworks: The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living, Splitting, We the People

Contemporary art is any work from the 21st Century and the later half of the 20th Century. As such, this art type can appear as sculptures, paintings, installation art, performances, films, or music. 

Several museums and schools of contemporary art showcase this movement, including the Kiasma of Helsinki, in Finland, France’s Chateau de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art, and the Museum of Modern Art in New York.

Cubism

 

Famous Artists: Pablo Picasso, Juan Gris, Robert Delaunay

Iconic Artworks: Man with a Guitar, Girl before a Mirror, I and the Village

Cubism is the deconstruction of form. In cubism, artists take an image, break it down into its base parts, and reassemble it, often in absurd ways. It is easy to spot thanks to its geometric shapes and off-kilter placements. This form of art became popular in the 1910s and 1920s and originated in Paris. Cubism is typically seen in paintings and sculptures.

Expressionism

Famous Artists: Edvard Munch, Franz Marc, Rolf Nesch

Iconic Artworks: The Scream, Rehe im Walde (Deer in Woods), Self-Portrait as a Soldier

Expressionism is a movement that originated in Northern Europe at the beginning of the 20th Century. It was common in the years before World War 1 and during the interwar period. Expressionism was an avant-garde style that seeped into all art forms, such as paintings, theater, film, and music. 

In expressionism, art is seen from a subjective viewpoint and layered with emotion and meaning. That approach produces art conveying how an artist feels about a scene in tandem with what they see.

Fantasy Art

Famous Artists: Tony Sart, Anato Finnstark, Bayard Wu

Iconic Artworks: The Siren, Red Planet, Midsummer Eve

Fantasy art depicts a fantastical scene or carries a supernatural or magical theme. It is a genre rather than a particular style or movement. As such, fantasy art can be made in any style you want, so long as it fits the overarching theme. Some popular methods of this type of art include painting and digital art.

As fantasy art is often used in pop culture, traditional schools of thought may not regard it as “fine art.” Even though many of the same techniques are used in fantasy art, it is simply the subject that is different.

Folk Art

Famous Artists: Ammi Phillips, Henry Darger, Grandma Moses (Anna Mary Robertson Moses)

Iconic Artworks: Mourning Piece for Mrs. Ebenezer Collins, Dividing of the Ways, “S.H.” Crazy Quilt

folk art

Folk art is an art form that draws from the culture from which it originates. In folk art, artists generally (though not always) tend to be trained in a specific tradition rather than broader art training as is common with traditional fine arts. 

 

It is often used in practical applications aside from just being a decorative art, like pottery, toys, or textile arts. The everyday application of folk art means there are few well-known artists. Folk art can also extend to folk music.

Futurism Art

Famous Artists: Umberto Boccioni, Giacomo Balla, Gino Severini

Iconic Artworks: Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, Ballerina in Blue, Ascending Forms

Among art movements, Futurism was popular in the early 20th Century and began in Italy. It took inspiration from cubism and neo-impressionism. 

The main style behind futurism is dynamic shapes that give the feeling of movement and energy. Futurism can be seen in various art forms, from sculpture to paintings.

Graffiti Art

Famous Artists: Keith Haring, Banksy, CornBread

Iconic Artworks: The Little Girl with the Balloon, We the youth, Love Won’t Tear Us Apart

Graffiti is anything painted, drawn, or written on a public wall. While this is usually done illegally, some graffiti artists are given permission or commissioned to decorate a wall with their artwork. 

As a type of street art, graffiti has existed for as long as walls have. In fact, there is still evidence of people carving words into walls dating back to Ancient Egypt. The contemporary art market has even seen works sell for millions.

Impressionism

Famous Artists: Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, John Constable

Iconic Artworks: Woman Seated on a Bench, Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette, The Cradle

Impressionism was created in France sometime in the 19th Century. The style is known for its landscapes and other scenes of the outside world. Impressionism was often made quickly, taking advantage of light and color to capture a scene while leaving the finer details more vague. 

To an extent, impressionism was intended to appear spontaneous, as though an artist pulled out their painting supplies while on a picnic and made a quick piece of what they saw.

Indigenous Australian Art

Famous Artists: Albert Namatjira, Gloria Petyarre, Rover Thomas

Iconic Artworks: Munyeroo Seeds, Ngangkari Ngura (Healing Country), Returning to Places the Name Us

This type of art is made by Aboriginal Australian and Torres Strait Islander people. The works go back as far as the indigenous people do, starting with cave and rock paintings from prehistory and working up to the modern art of today. In that context, many of the works qualify as a type of environmental art thanks to the use of natural materials. 

Indigenous art includes wood carvings, baskets, textiles, jewelry, and, of course, paintings. As a generalization, indigenous Australian art uses a lot of earth tones with browns, whites, and reds, frequently incorporating blues. There is a general trend of dotting techniques and flowing shapes.

Islamic Art

Famous Artists: Abed Abdi, Mehdi Moutashar, Nadia Janjua

Iconic Artworks: The Ardabil Carpet, Suleymaniye Mosque, Khamsa of Nizami

Islamic art is a combination of art created for the Muslim faith to be used in mosques or as furniture, but it also extends to works that are from primarily Muslim countries, made by Muslim artists, or commissioned by Muslim patrons. 

These works date back to the beginnings of Islam and continue into the current day. It can encompass paintings, decorations, architecture, and textiles.

Japanese Art

Famous Artists: Katsushika Hokusai, Yokoyama Taikan, Chiharu Shiota

Iconic Artworks: The Great Wave off Kanagawa, Himeji Castle, Wind God, and Thunder God

Japanese art can either be from the country of Japan or made by Japanese people. This type of artwork dates back to prehistory. 

Traditional Japanese art often shows landscapes or scenes from life. Calligraphy is also considered an art form. Other examples include pottery, bronze work, sculpture, and architecture.

Kinetic Art

Famous Artists: Alexander Calder, Andrew Darke, Gyula Kosice

Iconic Artworks: Air Compass, Standing Wave, Monument to The Third International

Kinetic art requires movement for the viewer to fully appreciate it. In most cases, this type of artwork is a sculpture or installation requiring a motor, the wind, or some other means of movement. 

However, a few pieces of art may be stationary while the viewer is expected to move around the piece to get the full effect. Kinetic art dates back as far back as the 19th Century.

Modern Art

Famous Artists: Vincent van Gogh, Edvard Munch, Henri Matisse

Iconic Artworks: Starry Night, On White II, At the Moulin Rouge: Two Women Waltzing

This artistic expression emerged between the 1860s to the 1970s. It is less a set style but rather describes the popular artworks during that time. 

It favored experimentation over traditional styles and led to cubism, futurism, and expressionism.

Mosaic Art

Famous Artists: Pietro Cavallini, Lilian Broca, Antoni Gaudi

Iconic Artworks: Kasta Tomb, The Great Pavement, Justinian I

A mosaic creates an image from small pieces of stone, ceramic, stone, metal, or paper. The pieces are often irregular in shape and held on a surface with some kind of mortar or glue. 

There are surviving examples of mosaic art that date back to Mesopotamia. This ancient art form was popular in Greek and Roman works in the Byzantine Empire and is an important aspect of art history.

Pop Art

Famous Artists: Andy Warhol, Eduardo Paolozzi, Richard Hamilton

Iconic Artworks: Campbell’s Soup Cans, On The Balcony, Drowning Girl

Pop art is a movement that originated in the United Kingdom and the United States in the 1950s. It stepped away from acceptable fine art by incorporating themes and styles that were popular for mass-produced items and decorative arts. 

In many cases, pop art relied on graphic arts to convey a strong sense of irony. Artwork often appeared in popular culture, such as for book covers, paintings, prints, and collages. For many in modern society, pop art reached its peak with Andy Warhol. 

Realism

Famous Artists: Gustave Courbet, Edward Hopper, Rosa Bonheur

Iconic Artworks: Christina’s World, The Horse Fair, Nighthawks, The Gulf Stream

Realism first appeared in France in the mid-19th Century. It rejected romanticism in favor of naturalistic depictions that were raw and lifelike. The lack of idealism encouraged the movement to represent people and places from all walks of life, no matter how uncomfortable the subject was.

Indeed, realism was noted for sometimes exploring shocking aspects of life, such as unvarnished portrayals of medical examinations.

Rococo Architecture and Art

Famous Artists: Jean-Antoine Watteau, Francisco Goya, Elisabeth Vigee Le Brun

Iconic Artworks: Triumph of Venus, The Marriage of Emperor Frederick and Beatrice of Burgundy, Marie Antoinette in a Court Dress

Rococo was a style of architecture, art, decoration, and sculpture popular in Europe during the 18th Century. It originated in Paris, but the artistic expression spread quickly. 

The style is known for its elegance, flourish, and lightness. It led to items that were richly decorated in light florals or carved with countless C or S curves. Rococo drew inspiration from natural forms such as sea shells.

Romanticism

Famous Artists: Thomas Cole, Ivan Aivazovsky, John Constable

Iconic Artworks: The Kiss, The Raft of the Medusa, Newton

Romanticism saw its peak in the early to mid-19th Century. Some common themes included the show of emotion, a glorification of the past, and nature. 

Moreover, it was not only an art style, but also permeated the sciences, music, and philosophy and acted as a reaction to the Industrial revolution. In art, you see romanticism most often in paintings.

Stained Glass Art

Famous Artists: Henri Matisse, Louis Comfort Tiffany, Sarah Hall

Iconic Artworks: The Windows of Sainte-Chapelle, Rose Windows of Notre-Dame, Stained Glass Windows of the Blue Mosque

Stained glass is the art of taking small pieces of colored glass and binding them together to create an image. Unlike mosaics, the glass pieces are often cut to a specific shape and are held together on their sides rather than on the back to allow the light to still pass through. 

There is evidence of colored glass windows being in use since at least the 7th Century, possibly older. The most common place to see historical examples is in church windows. These visual arts exist today, with artists making windows or free-handing panels.

Surrealism

Famous Artists: Salvador Dali, Frida Kahlo, Max Ernst

Iconic Artworks: The Red Tower, Woman with Her Throat Cut, The Seashell, and the Clergyman

Surrealism desired to combine the world as we see it with the world of dreams and the unconscious mind. It first emerged in Europe after the First World War. 

Recurring themes touched on unexpected elements and juxtapositions. Surrealism could influence paintings, sculptures, or films.

What Common Materials Are Used in Art?

There are no hard and fast rules for art materials. In reality, artists will use everything and anything to make art. As an example, Damien Hirst used a fully dead shark in his The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living.

However, some common materials include:

  • Paper
  • Paint (Acrylic, oil, water, etc.)
  • Brushes
  • Colored pencils
  • Pencils
  • Erasers
  • Clay
  • Metal
  • Stone
  • Glass
  • Charcoal
  • Wood
 

Why Is Art Important?

Art has many reasons contributing to its enduring significance. In some cases, art tells a story or makes the viewer feel an emotion. Elsewhere, art can give historians valuable insights into the ancient world.

Of course, art is also simply pleasant to look at and enjoyed purely for its aesthetic value.

Frequently Asked Questions

Finally, we will go over a few of the most common questions asked about art.

Who are the most significant artists in history?

The old masters are usually considered to be the most significant artists in history, such as Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. Separate art types will have their most influential artist as well. For example, Salvador Dali is perhaps the most important surrealist artist.

Can anyone be an artist?

Yes. If you make art, any kind of art, you are an artist. To be an artist, you do not need to be famous or make money from your art.

How long does it take to study an art form?

It takes about two to three years to become skilled in any area of art.

Conclusion

The world of art encompasses so many aspects of creativity, from paintings to the performing arts. There are countless types of art styles, such as modern art and contemporary sculpture—many of which are covered in this article. However, this article was just the tip of the iceberg. 

Of course, there is much more to learn about art. If some form of art from this article has interested you, we encourage you to dig deeper to learn more. Happy creating!